Project Description:

The IoT-Based Smart Helmet for Miners is a safety-focused system that integrates IoT sensors into a helmet to monitor the environment of underground mine workers in real-time. The helmet detects hazardous conditions such as gas leaks, high temperatures, low oxygen levels, and impacts (falls or collisions), sending immediate alerts to a central monitoring dashboard.

This project is crucial for enhancing the safety, real-time monitoring, and emergency responsiveness in mining operations.

Core Components:

Helmet Hardware Integration:

• Sensors embedded in the helmet:

  • Gas Sensor (e.g., MQ-2, MQ-135): Detects toxic gases like CO, CH4.

  • Temperature & Humidity Sensor (e.g., DHT11/DHT22): Monitors environmental heat levels.

  • Oxygen Sensor (e.g., ZE07-O3): Checks oxygen concentration.

  • Accelerometer (e.g., MPU6050): Detects falls or collisions.

  • GPS Module: Tracks miner's location (if applicable underground).

• Microcontroller: Arduino, ESP32, or Raspberry Pi.

• Communication: Sends data wirelessly (via Wi-Fi, Zigbee, or LoRa) to a central system.

Web Platform Features:

Frontend (HTML + CSS + Bootstrap + JavaScript):

• Live dashboard showing:

  • Real-time sensor data (gas, temperature, oxygen, location).

  • Alerts for abnormal conditions (blinking warnings or color changes).

  • Miner’s location (if GPS is available).

• Helmet registration and assignment to miners.

• Alert history and event logs.

• Mobile responsive UI for supervisors on-site.

Backend (PHP / Java / Node.js):

• Collects and processes sensor data.

• Stores logs in a database (MySQL/MongoDB).

• Sends real-time alerts using WebSockets or push notifications.

• Role-based authentication for admin, supervisors, and safety officers.

IoT & Data Communication:

• Helmet transmits data wirelessly to the base station/server.

• Can use:

  • Wi-Fi for nearby mines.

  • LoRa/Zigbee for low-power long-range communication in deeper mines.

• MQTT protocol for lightweight real-time communication.

Smart Alert System:

• Automatic notifications via SMS, Email, or App when thresholds are breached.

• Alerts for:

  • Dangerous gas concentration.

  • Fall detection.

  • Abnormal temperature or low oxygen.

• Audible/visual alarms on helmet for self-alerting.

Data Analytics (Optional Advanced Features):

• Predictive analysis to forecast unsafe patterns.

• Heatmaps of danger zones.

• Maintenance prediction for helmets using sensor logs.

Security:

• Data encryption in transmission.

• Secure login for access to dashboards.

• Helmet ID tagging to prevent false data injection.