Project Description:

The Smart Power Meter in Grids project is an IoT-based energy monitoring and management system designed to intelligently measure, analyze, and report electricity usage within smart grids. It replaces traditional analog meters with real-time digital meters that can be monitored remotely and integrated with power grid infrastructure for better energy distribution, billing, and control.

This project supports automatic reading, remote disconnection, overload alerts, and tamper detection, making it suitable for modern smart city energy systems.

Key Features:

1. Real-time Energy Monitoring
   Accurately measures voltage, current, power factor, and energy consumption.

2. Wireless Data Transmission
   Sends energy data to the cloud or centralized system using Wi-Fi, GSM, or LoRa.

3. Automated Billing System
   Calculates electricity bills based on real-time usage, enabling pay-as-you-go models.

4. Overload and Tamper Alerts
   Detects abnormal load or tampering attempts and notifies grid operators or users.

5. Remote Disconnection/Reconnection
   Power supply can be turned on/off remotely for maintenance or in case of non-payment.

6. User Dashboard
   Provides both user and utility provider with energy usage statistics and trends.

Technology Stack:

• Microcontroller: ESP32 / NodeMCU / Raspberry Pi

• Sensors: Current Sensor (ACS712), Voltage Sensor (ZMPT101B), Energy Meter Module (e.g., PZEM-004T)

• Communication:

  • Wi-Fi (for cloud sync)

  • GSM Module (SIM800L for SMS alerts or mobile data)

  • LoRa (for long-distance transmission in rural grids)

• Backend (Optional):

  • PHP/Node.js server with MySQL

  • Firebase for real-time cloud database

• Frontend (Optional):

  • Web dashboard using HTML, CSS, JS, Bootstrap

  • Mobile app with React Native / Flutter